The first think I have to explain to Kenyan athletes is that doesn't exist a "GENERAL SHAPE", but a "GENERAL EFFICIENCY". When you have this, you can build your "SPECIFIC SHAPE". This means that an athlete can be in top shape for a distance, and out of shape for another.
For example, when a Marathon runner is able to better his PB in HM, many times people think he can be in top shape for his marathon. This is true only if, PREPARING THE LONG DISTANCE (running high volume, long fast run between 30 and 38 km, specific marathon speed endurance), he his also able to improve his time on a shorter distance. But, normally, athletes speak about a different training, in which THEY REPLACE WITH SOME TRAINING OF SHORT SPEED A PART OF TRAINING OF SPECIFIC MARATHON ENDURANCE. In this case (and is the most part of times), when I see an athlete running a HM very fast inside 4 weeks before the marathon, I CANCEL DIRECTLY THAT ATHLETE FROM THE LIST OF THE WINNERS, because NOT prepared for the distance.
The same thing happens for all the events, including sprint. When you have a "launched phase" very strong, for example, in 100m and in 200m, these two phases don't depend on the same quality. The final 30-40m in 100m depend on your "stiffness", your reactivity, your running technique, your ability in general relaxation. This is a "technical factor", and you can work years for improving in that direction. But, in 200m, your final depends on metabolic factors, because you go to produce and to run with a lot of lactate, growing step after step, after the first turn. So, your ability in extending your speed depends partially on your basic talent, but in higher percentage on your specific metabolic training.
You can see what happened (this is in the history of training) when many top runners of 400m decided to use one season for "increasing their speed". In this case, their problem was not WHAT THEY DID IN THEIR TRAINING, but WHAT THEY DIDN'T USE. If, for example, before they used running some more volume at intensity a little bit lower, with sometime a distance longer than the race (for example, 500m), when they decided to increase their speed, they cancelled everything longer than 300m, running faster, reducing in this case the ability in removing from their muscles a part of produced lactate, in short time. At the end, they could run (not always) a little bit faster in 200m (it was not the case, for example, of Jeremy Wariner and Sonya Richards in 2008), BUT WERE NO MORE ABLE TO FINISH FAST THE LAST 50 METERS, BECAUSE NOT TRAINED RUNNING WITH HIGH CONCENTRATION OF LACTATE IN THEIR MUSCLES. We must always remember than EVERY EXTENSION OF THE SPEED IS POSSIBLE AT CHARGE OF THE METABOLIC SYSTEM. In other words, one thing is to increase the power of the engine for running faster, another to increase the duration of the same speed you have. A complete training must look at both the solutions in the same time, but there is a limit beyond which you can improve, on the mecanical side and working for increasing the strength. The possibility to EXTEND your attitude can give to every athlete more chances (working for the metabolic system) than to INCREASE your power.
When you go to speak about the specific question (difference between training for 10000m and 5000m), we must have clear in our mind the phylosophy I explained above.
You cant prepare your SPECIFIC ENDURANCE (that includes also your "mental" endurance) WITHOUT USING LONG INTERVALS on track, and LONG VERY FAST CONTINUE RUN (for example, 10 miles), that normally are not part of the preparation for 5000m. The normal preparation for 5000m, for athletes having a very high Aerobic Power, is not very much different from the preparation for 1500m, and it's not a case that we find many top runners in the list all-time in 1500 and 5000m (for example, athletes like Gunder Haegg, Sandor Iharos, Said Aouita were WR holders in both the events, and Moorcroft, Maree and many others were at the top). So, the "fast type" of specialists of 1500 can run 800 / 1500, arriving only at the end of their career (not always) to 3000m, while the "resistant type" of specialists can run 1500 / 5000, trying 10000m like extreme and, in any case, casual option.
When Bekele beated the WR in Bruxelles in 2005, his last workout, in St. Moritz (1,800m of altitude) was 4 x 2000m in 5'10" / 5'12" with 4' recovery, plus 1 x 1000m in 2'27". The same type of training was used, years before, by Salvatore Antibo, of course slower than Bekele. Personally, I remember a training I did with Nicholas Kemboi, before he ran 26'30" in 2003, always in St. Moritz, with 5 x 2000m in 5'25" with normal racing shoes (no spikes), using between every test (after 2' recovery) 6 times 60m sprint uphill (there is a short hill 200m far from the track), and after this other 2' recovery. At the end, he put spikes, for running 1000m progressive in 2'29", with 66" the first lap and 1'23" the last 600m.
I remember also some other story. For example, in 2004 during Brussels meeting, when Shaheen bettered the WR of steeple, and soon after in 3000m Kipchoge won beating Kwalia able running 7'28", 10000m was the last event. When I went in the warm-up area, I met Richard Limo, that asked me how the race was prepared, and I answer that we had rabbits for a passage a little bit faster than 13'30", because I had the goal with my athletes (Ahmed Hassan, Mark Bett, John Korir) to run under 27', like Charles Kamathi. Richard told me "very ok, it's also my goal, because I'm in shape". In the race, the split was 13'29" at 5000m, and the pace was even till 7 km. Limo was still in the leading group. After that, he was no longer able to stay. At the end, Ahmed Hassan won with 26'58", Kamathi second in 26'59", Bett third 27'02", and Limo... was lapped in 28'12" ! One week later, he won in Berlin the race of 5000 in 12'56". SO, HE WAS REALLY IN SHAPE, but for 5000, not 10000m.....