Good news, bad news.
Bad news first. If you get faster and are running the same workout at the same relative intensity, (i.e. 5*2000m at say 0.95 Intensity Factor) your TSS will actually be lower, since TSS is a function of time and intensity factor. Therefore, your CTL will eventually decrease as well, all else the same. This will be marginal though and it will take a while to appear, as CTL is a 42 day weighted average. You'd notice a change in ATL more prominently, since that's just a 7 day weighted average.
So, if you're chasing CTL (as opposed to performance), you have to either increase the time spent running at the same intensity factor or run the same duration at a higher intensity factor, in order to see an increase long term. The obvious reason that you would want a higher CTL is that it means you're doing more work, relative to your previous training. Like mileage though, there is a component of diminishing return. Meaning, you can keep bumping up your CTL and not necessarily see an improvement in performance, even though you are imposing more stress/load.
Concluding with the good news... you improved your 5K, hypothetically, from 17 minutes to 16 minutes!