I see this is a two-part question. First, why do we age? Second, what can we do to slow the aging process as much as possible?
Why do we age? Over tens of thousands of years, humans evolved with two primary directives: reach the age of sexual maturity and then procreate. That is, aging is not programmed into the human body, it's just not given any significant priority past the age of procreation. As a result, once humans have achieved their primary objectives, their cells are not programmed for longevity so they wear out.
For an analogy, think of Indy Cars. They're designed to go very fast, hopefully faster than their competition (like a genetic advantage would be for humans) for 500 miles. They aren't programmed to fail at 100,000 miles, just as a human body isn't programmed to die at a certain age. It's just that hi mileage isn't a consideration in designing Indy Cars.
The second part of the question is far more complex and frankly more important to us. What can we do to slow the aging process as much as possible?
Until age 50 or so, the steps are relatively clear, but apparently very difficult for the typical person to follow. They include maintaining optimal weight, eating healthy and avoiding junk foods with only infrequent indulgences, and cardio and strength training.
After 50, slowing the aging process becomes more difficult. Cells become less efficient in producing energy, so it becomes more important to avoid junk foods and to provide the cells with sufficient nutrients to operate as optimally as possible. In my opinion, obtaining the optimal level of nutrients is impossible even with a great diet. Thus, you have to take supplements in order to ensure that your cells have the optimal amount of the nutrients they need to produce energy, heal, and reproduce. After age 50, hormone levels for healthy men begin to decline more dramatically, so more aggressive steps are needed to boost testosterone levels. Studies show that the best approach to naturally boost testosterone levels is repeated sets of extremely high intensity exercise for short durations of 30 seconds or less. This is hard to do with running because you can only get in a small number of all out sprints before you are exhausted. I find it much easier to get in these extreme high-intensity workouts at the gym using different muscle groups. For example, today I spent 90 minutes at Gold's Gym doing multiple sets of exercises involving biceps, triceps, back, shoulders, and glutes. My most recent testosterone level was 740. That's at age 76. I log my lifts as E easy, NTE (near total exhaustion), TE (total exhaustion) and NDE (Near Death Experience!). I try to do 2-4 sets at NDE every gym visit and 10-12 sets at NTE.
I think by the time that most high schoolers reading this reach age 50, science will have progressed to the point that we can stop aging in certain cells and organs by using stem cells to grow new, younger cells to replace our old cells. It won't cure aging completely, but it should extend LE from the current 78-ish to around 100.