I follow LR as a fan of Athletics, but am a lifter with modest PB's: 300 in bench, 450 in the squat, 550 in the DL, and can bend over row 250 before my form goes to crap. In other another life, I ran recreationally and slow, but those days are well over as I edge toward 50 yo.
It would seem to me there is a lot of conflation/confusion of rep schemes and exercises thrown in, and I have to say, that there are some pretty profound differences. First, if I'm working in 1-4 rep range (ramps, 3/2/1 waves, or contrast sets), odds are I'm working to build top end strength. I'm not putting any bulk during these phases, as I'm not doing enough work to do that. They are, however, incredibly taxing on the nervous system, and I found I can only do them consistently for 3-4 weeks before needing to move to something else. I'm not certain how these kinds of schemes would benefit a runner, but I suppose they could.
If I'm trying to balance strength w/ hypertrophy, then I'm doing something like 6/4/2 waves, 5x5, or contrast sets of 1/6. It gets me stronger without bulking me out like nuts, and generally, I find or most other people I know can do these pretty regularly. I imagine that a distance runner could integrate this during the off-season or early season, but I'm not certain how well someone could do this during high volume training. The squats alone would make recovery a bear in this range.
Lifters who are doing pure hypertrophy work are often going 4x8, or some other crazy scheme such as the German Volume of 10x10. Normally, you usually can't cut fat during these stages, save briefly work body comp at the same time as hypertrophy, usually with something along the lines of a giant set of 6/12/25 or 8x8 with 30 second rest. But these guys I know often will avoid steady state aerobic work like the plague, as they want to put on mass, or they want to cut while maintaining their mass. The hypertrophy counts don't really build strength and I'm not sure it makes sense for runners to use these rep schemes, though I'm by no means an expert.
For muscle endurance--which I see a lot of distance athletes--runners, XC skiers, etc--use, work in higher rep ranges, and work on single leg things here. I think this is the kind of work that might be easier to recover from in-season, and can help structural imbalances, etc. IF THE FORM IS SPOT ON.
I suppose the lower rep counts work better when the mileage is lower, and the muscle endurance work in season. I think that the weight training often has profoundly different functions and works in different ways. Also, per the trap bar: I'm a fan of it, particularly as I got older. The range of motion is less--saving my back--and how force is generated is slightly shifted. People screw themselves up less on it, and though I cannot remember the piece exactly, the trap bar apparently carries over to athletic performance.
Anyhow, as someone who was not a DI athlete and am just a proficient lifter, I could be completely off. But figure it might not hurt to get a lifter's perspective.