Quite a bit here. I hope I hit the major points in this response:
1. What would a typical weekly structure look like a few weeks away from racing i.e. is it a Tuesday and Friday workout day and Sunday harder long run or do you rotate days with more or less rest between. What do the other days look like?
In preparation for a racing block, Grant goes to a 10 day schedule (Jerry does this and Grant likes it so we are doing it). The weeks are fairly simple and include the basic building blocks for a standard training plan: tempo day, VO2 max day, and a specific speed day. For pros, this is typical. For younger runners, it is NOT typical. I'm a big fan of tempo running and not a big fan of specific speed days (for younger athletes).
On easy days, Grant is responsible to make sure he's ready for the next session. I do not dictate pace or distance on the easy days for him at all. In general, I dictate distance, speed, and surface for all my younger guys but Grant is well past the point of knowing what he needs to do to recover and be ready to go for the next aggressive day.
2. Given the success Grant indicated in the long 10 mile tempos, will you still incorporate this throughout a training block or are they dropped for replacements like 5 mile tempo in morning and broken tempo work in the afternoon. In this context i am referring to a tempo as threshold which i assume is either marathon or half marathon paced efforts supported by lactate testing.
This is a training philosophy question. I believe that tempo effort is very specific so you can't actually get a tempo effort for the full 10 continuous miles (unless you slow down quite a bit). If you think about pacing, and you get up to 'tempo' effort 4-5 minutes into a run, you can hold it there for a pretty long period of time. However, lactate 'creeps' as you fatigue. So, at 30 minutes at the same pace you started, your body is now working at tempo+XX effort. And at 9 miles, your body is working at tempo+YYY effort. So you have two choices, run too slow at the beginning (somewhere in the 2.5-3.0 range) or slow down after you get up around 30-35 minutes.
So, we do not do this. We run at tempo effort for as long as possible. We may have to take breaks to accomplish this and altitude also weighs in heavily on the energy effort so you have to consider that as well. It is not unusual for us to run 4-5 miles tempo though. But we have not done 10 yet. I believe that would require testing every 10 minutes after 25 minutes to remain in the proper tempo range.
3. What are your thoughts on straight tempo running such as 4, 6, 8 or 10 mile tempo intervals, in comparison to broken up tempo running like 5 x 5 minutes of 3-5 x 2 miles with some recovery in between.
Younger runners CANNOT run long tempos. Their brains are just not ready for proper running for 8-10 miles. So, with younger guys, I never do this. More advanced guys and pros, I don't mind going 11-12 miles in one day of tempo type work but it has to be specified (2.5? 3.5? 4.0?) so we stay true to our plan. And we will split that into two sessions. Runners habitually train too hard on tempo runs. That's why a lactate testing device works so well. You can prove that they need to slow down.
4. Do you incorporate steady running in a weekly training plan, in addition to workouts and recovery easy running.
This is a GREAT question. It suggests 'double T days' or whatever the new buzzword is for doubles at a pace faster than recovery. The answer is yes. We do this often. When we do it, we never focus on the same type effort twice in the same day. So, if we train at 4.0mmL in the morning, we do not target 4.0mmL in the afternoon. And the session will not match the morning session. For example, if we go 2M repeats in the morning, we may go 2:00 repeats in the afternoon. Both with very little rest so the pace is mild and the rest is almost non-existent. And we will adjust on the fly. Right in the middle of the workout. If Grant's working too hard, we slow down, NOW. If Grant is running too easy or he is absorbing the training (and needs to increase velocity to get the same result we had a week ago), we speed up. On the very next interval. We use lactate often obviously and we pay close attention to it. It is by far the best indicator of effort so we use it.