I get tired of hearing about "its all about being tougher, the Kenyans have more adversity and incentive" but the older I get I realize it is a huge factor.
I thought as a young runner there was no way anyone in the world could push themselves harder than me. I got up in did daily morning runs at age 14 through cold Midwest winters without anybody else telling me. Even only as a 5:04 miler. Just trying to get better.
I was running 90-100 mile weeks, mostly alone, by age 16. Remember in the 1980's the popular philosophy started to shift away from high volume. I thought I was willing to be tougher than anyone else. And I ran a 13:50 5000 at age 18 as a college freshman. But American kids putting it all in running, even talented ones, have other options they put aside and even risk losing by putting in an all or nothing approach in running for several years that is different from the normal career track. There is a constant anxiety they face every day that this sport is not what they should concentrate on.
And the recent trend of top college talent getting comfortable money helped. Galen Rupp is the example. Groomed from his junior year in high school. It needed to be done in this country or we could never get an American talent to get close to the level he is.
But try to imagine the different mindset going on when you live in a country of poverty. Pretty much everyone you know is poor. Being a World Class runner is a dream. The competition is incredibly tough but the possibility there is to get rich. The ability to do that anyway else is slim.
It's not just talent. But that is huge. In a nation of our population we might have the same talent but spread out and
harder to reach and develop. But nobody is starving and desperate enough to see the only chance of not struggling in a hard life could be to win a big marathon.
The Kenyans have no such concerns that they are giving up or taking a future life-affecting risk to run 150 mile weeks and train 2-3 times a day with naps in between.
Americans would have a hard time doing that unless they had guaranteed big money to do that for a long time.
That is the reason why the Africans dominate.
But they do have the head start with genetics. And growing up at altitude. Its always been obvious.
You simply do not see people in this world anywhere that look like world class Kenyan distance runners with narrow arms and minuscule wrists and ankles and long thigh muscles and still weigh under 140 pounds.
Couple that with the life at altitude and the motivation they will always dominate.